Ali H. Mesiwala, MD, FAANS is a neurosurgeon who specializes in neuromodulation surgery, a type of surgery that involves the use of electrical or chemical stimulation to the nerves in order to treat various neurological disorders. Neuromodulation surgery has become increasingly popular in recent years as a less invasive alternative to traditional brain surgery. In this article, we will explore the different types of neuromodulation surgery and their applications.
SPINAL CORD STIMULATION
Spinal cord stimulation is a type of neuromodulation surgery that involves the use of an implanted device to send electrical impulses to the spinal cord. This can be used to treat chronic pain conditions such as back pain, limb pain, and nerve pain. The electrical stimulation can help to interrupt the pain signals that are being sent to the brain, providing relief for the patient. This type of surgery is often recommended for patients who have not found relief from other treatments such as medication or physical therapy.
DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION
Deep brain stimulation is a type of neuromodulation surgery that involves the implantation of electrodes into specific areas of the brain. These electrodes are connected to a small device that is implanted under the skin, usually in the chest or abdomen. The device sends electrical impulses to the brain, which can help to reduce symptoms of neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, essential tremors, and dystonia. Deep brain stimulation can also be used to treat psychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depression.
SACRAL NEUROMODULATION
Sacral neuromodulation is a type of neuromodulation surgery that involves the use of an implanted device to send electrical impulses to the sacral nerves in the pelvis. This can be used to treat urinary and fecal incontinence, as well as chronic pelvic pain. The device is implanted under the skin in the buttocks, and the electrical stimulation can help to improve muscle and nerve function in the pelvis.
VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION
Vagus nerve stimulation is a type of neuromodulation surgery that involves the implantation of electrodes into the neck to stimulate the vagus nerve. This can be used to treat epilepsy, depression, and migraine headaches. Electrical stimulation can help to regulate brain activity and reduce symptoms of these disorders. Vagus nerve stimulation has been shown to be effective for patients who have not found relief from other treatments.
INTRATHECAL DRUG DELIVERY
Intrathecal drug delivery is a type of neuromodulation surgery that involves the use of an implanted device to deliver medication directly to the spinal cord. This can be used to treat chronic pain conditions as well as spasticity and movement disorders. The device is implanted under the skin in the abdomen, and a catheter is inserted into the spinal cord to deliver the medication. This type of surgery can help to reduce the side effects of oral medication and provide more targeted relief for the patient.
CONCLUSION
Neuromodulation surgery is a rapidly advancing field that offers new treatment options for patients with a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The different types of neuromodulation surgery each have their own applications and benefits and are often recommended for patients who have not found relief from other treatments. As with any surgery, it is important to discuss the risks and benefits with a qualified neurosurgeon before undergoing any procedure.
